Understanding important terms for digital cameras
This is a list of some of the main terms for using a digital camera
- Pixels: Are used in digital imaging and represent the smallest piece of information in an image. Pixels are tiny and one dot on an image is made up of many pixels. Each pixel can be represented by a different colour and can have three or four component colours.
- Megapixels: A megapixel is 1 million pixels, and is a measurement of digital photo quality. A 1600×1200 pixel image size is a common size and is said to have “1.9 megapixels” (1600×1200 = 1,920,000)
- A 5 Megapixel digital camera: A camera capable of shooting an image measuring five million pixels in size.
- Pixel Count: Is the number of pixels that go into making each image. Images that have more pixels will look better that images with less pixels.
- PPI: Is one of the elements of picture quality short for pixels per inch. It is a measure of the amount of pixels to be printed within a specific area. If the number of pixels per inch that is displayed is higher the better the image will be to the human eye.
- Aperture: Controls the depth of field through an opening where light is allowed into your camera. It sends light to the sensor by permitting the light to travel through a digital camera interior.
- Digital Camera Memory: Digital images or photographs are stored in a location called memory. This is an electronic storage space built into your digital cameras for the purpose of storing pictures usually in the form of Secure Digital Cards, Compact Flash Cards, SmartMedia Cards, XD Cards. In general the sizes of a digital camera memory are 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, and 1 GIG.
- Digital zoom: Is obtained by focusing in on a portion of an image and enlarging it with a decrease in a cameras apparent angle of view. This function is accomplished within the electronics of the digital camera without any physical adjustment of the camera’s optical lenses, but results in a loss of picture quality.
- Optical Zoom: Is the ability of a lens to change its focal length and enlarge a view it is the opposite of Digital zoom in that it uses the physical properties of lens assemblies. It is a better option than a digital zoom as it does not alter the quality for a recorded image.
- JPEG: is a file format used to assign and store colour patterns to a group of pixels. This particular compression ratio was fixed by the Joint Photo Experts Group to reduce the picture size. The degree of compression can be adjusted however, the higher you compression your image will result in a larger loss of picture quality.
- TIFF: An uncompressed image storage file format. “Tagged Image File Format” is the longer version. TIFF does not have a loss of information but has a downside of having very large file sizes.
- Digital Camera Sensor: Converts light into a digital electrical signal which then produces your image for printing or viewing. Within a digital camera it performs the role of a “re-useable negative”.
- Shutter Speed: Is a term which is used for the aperture exposure time that allows light into your camera when opened. Longer shutter speeds leave the aperture open longer, letting more light in and resulting in more exposure.
- White Balance: To correct all the colours in an image white balance is used to account for the intensity of light an image was taken in. Because not all light is the same intensity. However modern digital cameras usually have preset values you can
- Switch on to compensate for the different light intensities which then calculate all other colours based upon this setting.
- RAW/NEF: Is the uncompressed image as shot by a digital camera before processing. Raw/NEF image files are sometimes called digital negatives Canon introduced the RAW picture format, while Nikon calls this format NEF.
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